How Does a Chiller Work?

Discover the heart of industrial cooling systems

When it comes to cooling industrial processes, the chiller is one of the most essential pieces of equipment. Its main purpose is to maintain controlled temperatures in various applications — from food and beverage production to plastics, metalworking, and pharmaceuticals. But do you know how it actually works?

What is a chiller?

A chiller is a machine designed to cool down liquids — usually water or a water-glycol mix — which are then used to remove heat from machines, molds, or industrial processes. Its main function is to extract heat from a fluid and transfer it to the external environment, ensuring efficient and continuous thermal control.

How does the refrigeration cycle work?

A chiller operates using the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, which consists of four main stages:

1. Evaporation

The refrigerant absorbs heat from the circulating liquid, evaporates, and turns into gas. This happens in the evaporator, where low-pressure refrigerant comes into contact with the water to be cooled.

2. Compression

The refrigerant gas is drawn into the compressor, where its pressure and temperature are increased. Here, electrical energy is converted into mechanical work to drive the system.

3. Condensation

The hot gas flows through the condenser, where it releases heat to the air or water from the external environment and returns to a liquid state. This heat is dissipated through air-cooled or water-cooled heat exchangers.

4. Expansion

Before returning to the evaporator, the refrigerant passes through an expansion valve, reducing its pressure and temperature and preparing it to start the cycle again.

Types of chillers

• Air-cooled chiller: uses ambient air to dissipate heat with the help of fans and exchangers. It's compact and easier to install.

• Water-cooled chiller: uses cooling towers to release heat. Ideal for high-demand processes and offers greater energy efficiency.

Why invest in a chiller?

In addition to providing precise temperature control, modern chillers offer high energy efficiency, operational reliability, and reduced maintenance and energy costs. With the right technology — such as remote control systems and touchscreen PLCs — you can optimize equipment performance and ensure safe, efficient production.